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The Ritual of Mandala Offering

  

The Ritual of Mandala Offering

 

    Mandala offering symbolizes an offering of the entire universe and other priceless objects   present within it to the Buddhas in order to accrue merit. Manda means the essence or midpoint and circumference and la means “taking hold of”. Thus, mandala refers to grasping the basis or essence for achieving all the magnificent qualities of the higher realms and the kingdom of Dharma, the sacred truths of cessation and the path. 

 

     As per the Buddhist cosmology, the earth is considered flat with a giant mountain, Mount Meru in the middle, bordered by four major continents, each with two main and several minor sub-continents. There are incalculable of similar realms and we visualize offering all these worlds considering them as unpolluted lands and offered to the Buddhas and great enlightened beings.

     I would briefly explain the Thirty-Seven Point Mandala Offering as per Chögyal Pakpa Lodrö Gyaltsen. The simple copper plated mandala set shown below is offered on my altar. A rice grain is used to construct the mandala. Depending on affordability, mandala sets made out of other precious materials such as Gold and Silver are also offered. In addition, Gemstones, Pearls, coins and other invaluable ornaments are used to construct the mandala. Intrinsic Buddhist symbols such as 8 auspicious sings (བཀྲིས་རྟགས་བརྒྱད), 7 attributes of royalty(རྒྱལ་སྲིིད་སྣ་བདུན), and offering of 5 senses (འདོད་ཡོན་ལྔ) are also embossed on each band of the mandala set.

The full illustration of 37-point mandala offering

 

Simple Copper plated mandala set


      The offering of outer and inner universe through the thirty-seven features is one of

      the popular practices in Buddhism as described below:

1.     Mount Meru (རི་རབ) is a square shaped mountain with four sides, larger at the top and narrow towards the bottom.

 

2-5) The four continents (གླིང་བཞི་) are: 


i.       Purvavideha ཤར་གྱི་ལུས་འཕགས) means surpassing the Body. It’s located in the East of Mount Meru, semi-circular and white in colour. 


ii.   Jambudvipa  (འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང) means Rose-Apple Continent situated to the South of Mount Meru, trapezoidal and blue. This continent is inhabited by human beings. 


 

iii.     Aparagodaniya (བ་ལང་སྤྱོད) means bountiful of cattle. It’s found to the west of Mount Meru, circular and ruby red. 

 

 

iv.   Uttarakuru (སྒྲ་མི་སྙན) refers to unpleasant sound and positioned in the North of Mount Meru. It appears square and green

6-13) The eight subcontinents: 

 

Each of the four continents are adjoined by two subcontinents (གླིང་ཕྲན) with same shapes and colors. Among the 8 subcontinents, the Chamara subcontinent of Jambudvipa (‘the realm of Ngayab Ling རྔ་ཡབ་གླིང), is said to be dwelled by rakshasa demons (སྲིན་པོan evil spirit that ingest human flesh), whereas remaining island-continents are inhabited by human beings with diverse characters. The eight subcontinents are as follows:

i. Deha ( ལུས) and ii. Videha (Lüpak  ལུས་འཕགསwhich surrounds Purvavideha (eastern continent);

iii. Chamara (Ngayab རྔ་ཡབ།) and iv. Aparachamara (Ngayabshyen རྔ་ཡབ་གཞན།) which encircle Jambudvipa (southern continent)

v. Shatha (Yoden གཡོ་ལྡནand vi. Uttaramantrina (Lamchokdro ལམ་མཆོག་འགྲོ།) which surrounds Aparagodaniya (western continent) 

vii. Kurava (Draminyen སྒྲ་མི་སྙན) and viii. Kaurava (Draminyen gyi da  སྒྲ་མི་སྙན་གྱི་ཟླ།) which surroundsUttarakuru (eastern continent) 

 

      14) The jewel mountain (རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རི་བོ།)

       15) the wish-fulfilling tree (དཔག་བསམ་གྱི་ཤིང༌།)



         16) The wish-fulfilling cow (འདོད་འཇོའི་བ། 

 


         17) The harvest which needs no sowing (མ་རྨོས་པའི་ལོ་ཏོག)


  18-24) The seven attributes of royalty (རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྣ་བདུནare the seven possessions of a    (universal monarch- འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ།who possess the power to overcome, conquer and rule all inhabitants of the universe.  

                                     i.    The precious golden wheel (khorlo rinpoche འཁོར་ལོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།)

                                    ii.   The precious wish-fulfilling jewel (norbu rinpoche ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།)

                                  iii.    The precious queen (btsunmo rinpoche’ བཙུན་མོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ)

                                   iv.   The precious minister (blonpo rinpoche’  བློན་པོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།)

Text Box: ii.	 Goddess of Garlands (Trengwama ཕྲེང་བ་མ།)

                                   v.    The precious elephant (glangpo rinpoche’  གླང་པོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།)

                               

                                 vi.  The precious horse (rtamchog rinpoche’ རྟ་མཆོག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།)

              vii.  The precious general (dmagdpon rinpoche’  དམག་དཔོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།)

            25) the vase of great treasure (གཏེར་ཆེན་པོའི་བུམ་པ།)

 

        

        26-33) the eight offering goddesses are:


            i.               Goddess of Beauty (Gekpama སྒེག་པ་མ།  



            ii.              Goddess of Beauty (Gekpama སྒེག་པ་མ།

  

           iii.             Goddess of Song (Luma གླུ་མ།   


           iv.            Goddess of Dance (Garma གར་མ།)


          v.              Goddess of Flowers (Metokma མེ་ཏོག་མ།  


         vi.             Goddess of Incense (Dukpöma    བདུག་སྤོས་མ།)


         vii.           Goddess of Light (Marmema or Nangselma སྣང་གསལ་མ།)    


        viii.          Goddess of Perfume (Drichabma དྲི་ཆབ་མ།)  



        34) The sun (ཉི་མ།) 

 

         35) The moon (ཟླ་བ།)


        36) The precious umbrella (རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གདུགས།) 

 

        37) The royal banner victorious in all directions (ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།) 



༄༅། །མཎྜལ་སོ་བདུན་མ་བཞུགས་སོ། །

The Thirty-Seven Point Maṇḍala Offering

by Chögyal Pakpa Lodrö Gyaltsen

ཨོཾ་བཛྲ་བྷུ་མི་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ།

om benza bhumi ah hung

oṃ vajrabhūmi āḥ hūṃ

གཞི་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པ་དབང་ཆེན་གསེར་གྱི་ས་གཞི།

zhi yongsu dakpa wangchen ser gyi sa zhi

The earth is the golden ground, completely pure, full of beauty and power.

ཨོཾ་བཛྲ་རེ་ཁེ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ།

om benza rekhé ah hung

oṃ vajrarekhe āḥ hūṃ

ཕྱི་ལྕགས་རི་ཁོར་ཡུག་གིས་བསྐོར་བའི་དབུས་སུ་ཧཱུྃ།

chi chakri khoryuk gi korwé ü su hung

The circular iron mountain wall completely surrounds it; in the centre is the letter hūṃ—

རིའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ།

ri gyalpo rirab

Meru, the king of mountains;

ཤར་ལུས་འཕགས་པོ། ལྷོ་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང༌།

shar lüpakpo lho dzambuling

In the East is Pūrvavideha, in the South is Jambudvīpa,

ནུབ་བ་ལང་སྤྱོད། བྱང་སྒྲ་མི་སྙན།

nub balangchö jang draminyen

In the West is Aparagodānīya, in the North is Uttarakuru.

ལུས་དང་ལུས་འཕགས། རྔ་ཡབ་དང་རྔ་ཡབ་གཞན།

lü dang lüpak ngayab dang ngayab zhen

Beside them are Deha and Videha, Cāmara and Aparacāmara,

གཡོ་ལྡན་དང་ལམ་མཆོག་འགྲོ།

yoden dang lamchok dro

Śāthā and Uttaramantriṇa,

སྒྲ་མི་སྙན་དང་སྒྲ་མི་སྙན་གྱི་ཟླ།

draminyen dang draminyen gyi da

Kurava and Kaurava.

རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རི་བོ། དཔག་བསམ་གྱི་ཤིང༌།

rinpoche riwo paksam gyi shing

The jewel mountain, the wish-fulfilling trees,

འདོད་འཇོའི་བ། མ་རྨོས་པའི་ལོ་ཏོག

döjöba mamöpé lotok

The wish-fulfilling cows, the harvest which needs no sowing,

འཁོར་ལོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།

khorlo rinpoche norbu rinpoche

The precious wheel, the precious gem,

བཙུན་མོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། བློན་པོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།

tsünmo rinpoche lönpo rinpoche

The precious queen, the precious minister,

གླང་པོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། རྟ་མཆོག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།

langpo rinpoche tachok rinpoche

The precious elephant, the precious horse,

དམག་དཔོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། གཏེར་ཆེན་པོའི་བུམ་པ།

makpön rinpoche ter chenpö bumpa

The precious general, the vase of great treasure,

སྒེག་པ་མ། ཕྲེང་བ་མ།

gekpama trengwama

The goddess of beauty, the goddess of garlands,

གླུ་མ། གར་མ།

luma garma

The goddess of song, the goddess of dance,

མེ་ཏོག་མ། བདུག་སྤོས་མ།

metokma dukpöma

The goddess of flowers, the goddess of incense,

སྣང་གསལ་མ། དྲི་ཆབ་མ།

nangsalma drichabma

The goddess of light, the goddess of perfume,

ཉི་མ། ཟླ་བ། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གདུགས།

nyima dawa rinpoche duk

The sun, the moon, the precious umbrella,

ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན།

chok lé nampar gyalwé gyaltsen

The royal banner victorious in all directions:

ལྷ་དང་མིའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་མ་ཚང་བ་མེད་པ་

lha dang mi paljor pünsum tsokpa matsangwa mepa

There is all the bountiful wealth of gods and men, complete and flawless—

འདི་ཉིད་

di nyi

All this:

ཡོན་དུ་འབུལ་བར་བགྱིའོ། 

yön du bulwar gyi o

I offer—

ཐུགས་རྗེས་འགྲོ་བའི་དོན་དུ་བཞེས་སུ་གསོལ།

tukjé drowé döndu zhé su sol

Please accept it, with compassion, for the benefit of beings.

བཞེས་ནས་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབ་ཏུ་གསོལ།

zhé né jingyi lab tu sol

Having accepted it, please grant your blessing!

 

 

 

Short Mandala Offering

 

SA ZHI PO KYI JUG SHING ME TOG TRAM
RI RAB LING ZHI NYI DAY GYAN PA DI
SANG GYE ZHING DU MIG TAY UL WAR GYI
DRO KUN NAM DAG ZHING LA CHO PAR SHOG

 

This ground, anointed with perfume, flowers strewn,
Mount Meru, four lands, sun and moon,
imagined as Buddha-land and offered to you.
May all beings enjoy this pure land.

 

-       Tsem Trulku Rinpoche

 

 

 

 

Reference:

 

https://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/chogyal-pakpa-lodro-gyaltsen/thirty-seven-point-mandala-offering

 

https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Thirty-seven_Point_Mandala_Offering

 

https://www.tsemrinpoche.com/tsem-tulku-rinpoche/buddhas-dharma/mandala-offering-a-powerful-method-to-accumulate-merits.html 

 

https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=323644192672073&set=a.202970274739466

ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ། fb page

 

https://www.facebook.com/110572730451726/posts/332240651618265/

 

https://www.facebook.com/yamantaka999/photos/latest-dakini-as-art-commissions-print-salesseven-jewels-wish-fulfilling-tree-th/1374118056073194/

 

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/210824826279288267/

 

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/176414510381833771/

 

https://www.subpng.com/png-xbdqbx/

 

Pictures from internet

 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ashtamangala_treasure_vase.svg

 

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/335729347204660131/

 

https://resources.tsemtulku.com/prayers/preliminaries/mandala-offering.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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